|
cmd1 | cmd2
|
Pipe;
take standard output of cmd1 as standard
input to cmd2.
|
|
>
file
|
Direct standard
output to file.
|
|
<
file
|
Take standard input from
file.
|
|
>>
file
|
Direct standard
output to file; append to
file if it already exists.
|
|
>|
file
|
Force standard
output to file even if noclobber is set.
|
|
n>| file
|
Force output to file from file descriptor
n even if noclobber is set.
|
|
<>
file
|
Use
file as both standard input and
standard output.
|
|
n<>
file
|
Use file as both input and output for
file descriptor n.
|
|
<<
label
|
Here-document;
see text.
|
|
n
>
file
|
Direct file descriptor n to
file.
|
|
n
<
file
|
Take file descriptor n from
file.
|
|
n
>>
file
|
Direct file descriptor n to
file; append to
file if it already exists.
|
|
n>&
|
Duplicate standard
output to file descriptor n.
|
|
n<&
|
Duplicate standard
input from file descriptor n.
|
|
n>&m
|
File descriptor n is made to be a copy of
the output file descriptor.
|
|
n<&m
|
File descriptor n is made to be a copy of
the input file descriptor.
|
|
&>file
|
Directs
standard output and standard error to
file.
|
|
<&-
|
Close the standard
input.
|
|
>&-
|
Close the standard
output.
|
|
n>&-
|
Close the output from file descriptor
n.
|
|
n<&-
|
Close the input from file descriptor
n.
|
|
n>&word
|
If n is not specified, the standard
output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the digits in word do not
specify a file descriptor open for output, a redirection error
occurs. As a special case, if n is omitted,
and word does not expand to one or more digits, the standard
output and standard error are redirected as described
previously.
|
|
n<&word
|
If word expands to one or more digits, the file descriptor
denoted by n is made to be a copy of that
file descriptor. If the digits in word do not specify a file
descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If word
evaluates to -, file descriptor n is closed. If n is not
specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is
used.
|
|
n>&digit-
|
Moves the file descriptor digit to file descriptor
n, or the standard output (file
descriptor 1) if n is not specified.
|
|
n<&digit-
|
Moves the file descriptor digit to file descriptor
n, or the standard input (file
descriptor 0) if n is not specified. digit is closed after being
duplicated to n.
|
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